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The BBC and Master Computer Public Domain Library

Normalise FWA#1 [bit-by-bit & byte-by-byte methods supported]

Submitted by Steve Fewell

Routine: anorm[1]
Name: Normalise Floating-Point number in the FWA [bit-by-bit and byte-by-byte methods supported]
Starting Address: &81F7
Entry criteria: The FWA contains a floating-point number.
Exit: FWA has been normalised (The top bit of the FWA is set, and the exponent adjusted accordingly)

Description:
Unlike the Normalise FWA#2 routine, this routine does not have any special entry requirements (i.e. certain bytes of the number needing to be copied to the A and Y registers).

If ?&31 is negative (the FWA Mantissa's top bit is already set) then exit as the number is already normalised.

If FWA's Mantissa byte 1 (?&31) is zero then OR ?&31 with ?&32, ?&33, ?&34 and ?&35. If the result is zero, then the whole Mantissa (and hence, the whole number) is zero, so jump to &81CC to zero the FWA's Exponent, Exponent Overflow and Sign bytes, and exit. 

[Byte-by-Byte method - Normalise one byte at a time]
If FWA's Mantissa byte 1 (?&31) is zero, but the FWA doesn't not contain zero, then Load A with the FWA's Exponent (?&30), and [&8209] move the FWA Mantissa byte 2 to the FWA Mantissa Byte 1, move the FWA Mantissa byte 3 to the FWA Mantissa Byte 2, move the FWA Mantissa byte 4 to the FWA Mantissa Byte 3 and move the FWA Mantissa rounding byte to the FWA Mantissa Byte 4. Set the FWA Mantissa Rounding byte to zero. Subtract 8 from the exponent (as we have moved the number along 8 bits), and decrement the FWA Exponent Overflow (if the Exponent underflowed). If FWA Mantissa Byte 1 is still zero, then we need to normalise by another 8 bits, so jump back to &8209 to move the Mantissa along another byte.
If by moving the Mantissa along byte-by-byte, we now have a normalised number, store A back in the FWA Exponent byte and exit, otherwise jump to &822C to proceed with the bit-by-bit method.

[Bit-by-Bit method - Normalise one bit at a time]
If FWA's Mantissa byte 1 (?&31) is not zero, but the FWA isn't normalised, then Load A with the FWA's Exponent (?&30), and [&822C] subtract 1 from the FWA Exponent byte [A], and decrement the FWA Exponent Overflow byte if the result underflowed, and shift the FWA Mantissa left one bit (multiply by 2) so that the bits move from the ?&35 end of the number to the ?&31 end of it. Keep repeating this until the top bit is set.

Now that the number is normalised, store A back in the FWA Exponent Byte (?&30), and exit.

Disassembly for the Normalise FWA#2 routine

81F7 1 165 049 A5 31 LDA &31
81F9 0 048 217 30 D9 BMI -39 --> &81D4   [RTS]
81FB - 208 045 D0 2D BNE 45 --> &822A
81FD 2 005 050 05 32 ORA &32
81FF 3 005 051 05 33 ORA &33
8201 4 005 052 05 34 ORA &34
8203 5 005 053 05 35 ORA &35
8205   240 197 F0 C5 BEQ -59 --> &81CC
8207 0 165 048 A5 30 LDA &30
8209 2 164 050 A4 32 LDY &32
820B 1 132 049 84 31 STY &31
820D 3 164 051 A4 33 LDY &33
820F 2 132 050 84 32 STY &32
8211 4 164 052 A4 34 LDY &34
8213 3 132 051 84 33 STY &33
8215 5 164 053 A4 35 LDY &35
8217 4 132 052 84 34 STY &34
8219 d5 100 053 64 35 STZ &35
821B 8 056 38 SEC
821C   233 008 E9 08 SBC#&08
821E   176 002 B0 02 BCS 2 --> &8222
8220 / 198 047 C6 2F DEC &2F
8222 1 164 049 A4 31 LDY &31
8224   240 227 F0 E3 BEQ -29 --> &8209
8226 0 048 023 30 17 BMI 23 --> &823F
8228   128 002 80 02 BRA 2 --> &822C
822A 0 165 048 A5 30 LDA &30
822C   024 18 CLC
822D   233 000 E9 00 SBC#&00
822F   176 002 B0 02 BCS 2 --> &8233
8231 / 198 047 C6 2F DEC &2F
8233 5 006 053 06 35 ASL &35
8235 &4 038 052 26 34 ROL &34
8237 &3 038 051 26 33 ROL &33
8239 &2 038 050 26 32 ROL &32
823B &1 038 049 26 31 ROL &31
823D   016 238 10 EE BPL -18 --> &822D
823F 0 133 048 85 30 STA &30
8241 ` 096 60 RTS

 


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